How do Aircraft Approach Controllers assist landings in low visibility conditions?

Aircraft Approach Controllers assist landings in low visibility conditions primarily by utilizing Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Distance Reference Data Function (DRDF). ILS provides precise guidance to aircraft approaching the runway through both lateral (course) and vertical (glide slope) information, allowing pilots to safely land in conditions where visibility is minimal. The system works by transmitting radio signals that assist in aligning the aircraft with the runway and ensuring it descends at the correct angle, thereby significantly enhancing safety during landings in fog, heavy rain, or other limiting visibility conditions.

The use of DRDF further complements ILS by helping controllers monitor the aircraft's position relative to the runway, ensuring that they can provide timely assistance and adjustments for safe landings. These technologies are crucial for maintaining operational efficiency and safety under challenging weather conditions, making them fundamental tools in the approach controller's toolkit for low visibility landings.

While GPS and radar may play roles in general navigation and tracking, they do not provide the same level of precise guidance needed for landing under low visibility compared to ILS and DRDF, making the latter the most effective solutions in such situations.